Process Automation Handbook A Guide to Theory and Practice – Jonathan Love – 1st Edition

Description

The terms “process” and “automation” mean different things to different people. In order to define the scope of this text, it is useful to attempt to articulate them in relation to the industry sector and to the nature of the operations carried out within it. Process sector.This consists of those industries in which raw materials are processed. It is wide ranging and embraces oil, petrochemicals, agrochemicals, fine and specialty chemicals, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, food and drink, pulp and paper, plastics and films, synthetic fibers, iron and steel, minerals, cement, fuel and gas, power and water, nuclear processing, etc.

Process control concerns the design and specification of systems for the automatic control of process plant and equipment. It involves the measurement and manipulation of process variables such as flow, level, weight, temperature and composition. The objective is to drive measurements towards, and then maintain them at, a set of desired operating conditions. Modern process control is largely implemented by means of digital control systems and involves the application of a variety of techniques.

Process automation includes the immediate objectives of process control but also addresses the wider issues of enterprise management: operability, quality, reliability, safety and viability. This requires an integrated approach to plant operations, fundamental to which is real time data, the tools to extract information from that data, and the means for using the information. Process automation is distributed throughout the sector. All but the smallest operating companies and contractors have whole groups dedicated to the automation aspects of projects and production. A large proportion of the supplier companies’ sole business is instrumentation and control.

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  • Part I: Technology and Practice

    Section 1: Introduction
    1 Summary
    2 P&I Diagrams
    3 Block Diagrams
    4 Signals
    5 Pneumatics .
    6 Electronics
    7 Data Typing
    8 Structured Text
    9 Microprocessors

    Section 2: Instrumentation
    10 Characteristics
    11 DP Cells
    12 Flow: Orifices
    13 Flow Measurement
    14 Level Measurement
    15 Weight Measurement
    16 Temperature Measurement
    17 pH Measurement
    18 Chromatography

    Section 3: Final Control Elements
    19 Valves and Actuators
    20 Valve Sizing
    21 Valve Positioners

    Section 4: Conventional Control Strategies
    22 Feedback Control
    23 PID Control
    24 Controller Tuning
    25 Cascade Control
    26 Ratio Control .
    27 Feedforward Control
    28 On-Off Control
    29 Sequence Control

    Section 5: Process Control Schemes
    30 Determining Strategy
    31 Evaporator Control
    32 Control of Heat Exchangers
    33 Boiler Control
    34 Neutralisation Control
    35 Distillation Control
    36 Reactor Control
    37 Batch Process Control

    Section 6: Digital Control Systems
    38 Systems Architecture
    39 Systems Hardware
    40 Communications
    41 Software Overview
    42 Operator Interface
    43 Integrated Alarm Environment
    44 Analogue Control Loop
    45 Database Operations and Structure
    46 Discrete I/O Devices
    47 Programmable Logic Controllers
    48 Configuration
    49 Open Systems
    50 Fieldbus

    Section 7: Control Technology
    51 System Layout
    52 Intrinsic Safety
    53 Reliability Principles
    54 HazardAnalysis
    55 Layers of Safety
    56 Protection Systems
    57 Safety Equipment .
    58 Human Factors

    Section 8: Management of Automation Projects
    59 Costs and Benefits Analysis
    60 User Requirements
    61 Tendering and Vendor Selection
    62 Functional Specifications
    63 Design, Development, Testing and Acceptance
    64 Installation and Commissioning
    65 System Managemen
    66 Quality Assurance
    67 Contracts

    Part II: Theory and Technique

    Section 9: Maths and Control Theory
    68 Series and Complex Numbers
    69 First Order Systems
    70 Laplace Transforms
    71 Transfer Functions
    72 Second and Higher Order Systems
    73 Frequency Response
    74 Root Locus
    75 Z Transforms
    76 Sampled Data Systems
    77 Z Plane Analysis
    78 Impulse Compensation
    79 Matrices and Vectors
    80 State Space Analysis
    81 Multivariable Control
    82 Stochastics
    83 Linear Regression Analysis

    Section 10: Plant and Process Dynamics
    84 Linearisation
    85 Lumped Parameter Systems
    86 Zero Capacity Systems
    87 Compressible Flow Systems
    88 Hydrodynamics
    89 Multivariable Systems
    90 Multistage Systems .
    91 Reacting Systems
    92 Distributed Parameter Systems
    93 Anti-Surge Systems
    94 Psychrometric Systems
    95 Electro-Mechanical Systems

    Section 11: Simulation
    96 Numerical Integration
    97 Procedural Simulation
    98 Block Orientated Simulation

    Section 12: Advanced Process Automation
    99 Relational Databases
    100 Management Information Systems
    101 Principal Components Analysis
    102 Statistical Process Control
    103 Linear Programming
    104 Unconstrained Optimisation
    105 Constrained Optimisation
    106 Real Time Optimisers
    107 Knowledge Based Systems
    108 Fuzzy Logic Control
    109 Artificial Neural Networks
    110 Genetic Algorithms

    Section 13: Advanced Process Control
    111 Multiloop Systems
    112 State Feedback Regulators
    113 Kalman Filtering
    114 Least Squares Identification
    115 Recursive Estimation
    116 Self Tuning Control
    117 Model Predictive Control
    118 Non-Linear Control

    Bibliography
    Abbreviations and Acronyms
    Index
  • Citation
    • Full Title: Process Automation Handbook A Guide to Theory and Practice
    • Author/s:
    • ISBN-10: 1846282810
    • ISBN-13: 9781846282812
    • Edition: 1st Edition
    • Publication date: 2007
    • Topic: Engineering
    • Subtopic: Mechatronics Engineering
    • File Type: eBook
    • Idioma: English

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