Incompressible Flow – Ronald L. Panton – 4th Edition

Description

Incompressible Flow, Fourth Edition is the updated and revised edition of Ronald Panton’s classic text. It continues a respected tradition of providing the most comprehensive coverage of the subject in an exceptionally clear, unified, and carefully paced introduction to advanced concepts in fluid mechanics. Beginning with basic principles, this Fourth Edition patiently develops the math and physics leading to major theories. Throughout, the book provides a unified presentation of physics, mathematics, and engineering applications, liberally supplemented with helpful exercises and example problems.

Revised to reflect students’ ready access to mathematical computer programs that have advanced features and are easy to use, Incompressible Flow, Fourth Edition includes:

  • Several more exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations
  • Classic-style Fortran programs for the Hiemenz flow, the Psi-Omega method for entrance flow, and the laminar boundary layer program, all revised into MATLAB
  • A new discussion of the global vorticity boundary restriction
  • A revised vorticity dynamics chapter with new examples, including the ring line vortex and the Fraenkel-Norbury vortex solutions
  • A discussion of the different behaviors that occur in subsonic and supersonic steady flows
  • Additional emphasis on composite asymptotic expansions

Incompressible Flow, Fourth Edition is the ideal coursebook for classes in fluid dynamics offered in mechanical, aerospace, and chemical engineering programs.

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  • Preface xi
    Preface to the Third Edition xiii
    Preface to the Second Edition xv
    Preface to the First Edition xvii

    1 Continuum Mechanics
    1.1 Continuum Assumption
    1.2 Fundamental Concepts, Definitions, and Laws
    1.3 Space and Time
    1.4 Density, Velocity, and Internal Energy
    1.5 Interface between Phases
    1.6 Conclusions
    Problems

    2 Thermodynamics
    2.1 Systems, Properties, and Processes
    2.2 Independent Variables
    2.3 Temperature and Entropy
    2.4 Fundamental Equations of Thermodynamics
    2.5 Euler’s Equation for Homogenous Functions
    2.6 Gibbs–Duhem Equation
    2.7 Intensive Forms of Basic Equations
    2.8 Dimensions of Temperature and Entropy
    2.9 Working Equations
    2.10 Ideal Gas
    2.11 Incompressible Substance
    2.12 Compressible Liquids
    2.13 Conclusions
    Problems

    3 Vector Calculus and Index Notation
    3.1 Index Notation Rules and Coordinate Rotation
    3.2 Definition of Vectors and Tensors
    3.3 Special Symbols and Isotropic Tensors
    3.4 Direction Cosines and the Laws of Cosines
    3.5 Algebra with Vectors
    3.6 Symmetric and Antisymmetric Tensors
    3.7 Algebra with Tensors
    3.8 Vector Cross-Product
    *3.9 Alternative Definitions of Vectors
    *3.10 Principal Axes and Values
    3.11 Derivative Operations on Vector Fields
    3.12 Integral Formulas of Gauss and Stokes
    3.13 Leibnitz’s Theorem
    3.14 Conclusions
    Problems

    4 Kinematics of Local Fluid Motion
    4.1 Lagrangian Viewpoint
    4.2 Eulerian Viewpoint
    4.3 Substantial Derivative
    4.4 Decomposition of Motion
    4.5 Elementary Motions in a Linear Shear Flow
    *4.6 Proof of Vorticity Characteristics
    *4.7 Rate-of-Strain Characteristics
    4.8 Rate of Expansion
    *4.9 Streamline Coordinates
    4.10 Conclusions
    Problems

    5 Basic Laws
    5.1 Continuity Equation
    5.2 Momentum Equation
    5.3 Surface Forces
    *5.4 Stress Tensor Derivation
    5.5 Interpretation of the Stress Tensor Components
    5.6 Pressure and Viscous Stress Tensor
    5.7 Differential Momentum Equation
    *5.8 Moment of Momentum, Angular Momentum, and Symmetry of Tij
    5.9 Energy Equation
    5.10 Mechanical and Thermal Energy Equations
    5.11 Energy Equation with Temperature as the Dependent Variable
    *5.12 Second Law of Thermodynamics
    5.13 Integral Form of the Continuity Equation
    5.14 Integral Form of the Momentum Equation
    *5.15 Momentum Equation for a Deformable Particle of Variable Mass
    *5.16 Integral Form of the Energy Equation
    5.17 Integral Mechanical Energy Equation
    5.18 Jump Equations at Interfaces
    5.19 Conclusions
    Problems

    6 Newtonian Fluids and the Navier–Stokes Equations
    6.1 Newton’s Viscosity Law
    6.2 Molecular Model of Viscous Effects
    6.3 Non-Newtonian Liquids
    *6.4 Wall Boundary Conditions; The No-Slip Condition
    6.5 Fourier’s Heat Conduction Law
    6.6 Navier–Stokes Equations
    6.7 Conclusions
    Problems

    7 Some Incompressible Flow Patterns
    7.1 Pressure-Driven Flow in a Slot
    7.2 Mechanical Energy, Head Loss, and Bernoulli Equation
    7.3 Plane Couette Flow
    7.4 Pressure-Driven Flow in a Slot with a Moving Wall
    7.5 Double Falling Film on a Wall
    7.6 Outer Solution for Rotary Viscous Coupling
    7.7 The Rayleigh Problem
    7.8 Conclusions
    Problems

    8 Dimensional Analysis
    8.1 Measurement, Dimensions, and Scale Change Ratios
    8.2 Physical Variables and Functions
    8.3 Pi Theorem and Its Applications
    8.4 Pump or Blower Analysis: Use of Extra Assumptions
    8.5 Number of Primary Dimensions
    *8.6 Proof of Bridgman’s Equation
    *8.7 Proof of the Pi Theorem
    8.8 Dynamic Similarity and Scaling Laws
    8.9 Similarity with Geometric Distortion
    8.10 Nondimensional Formulation of Physical Problems
    8.11 Conclusions
    Problems

    9 Compressible Flow
    9.1 Compressible Couette Flow: Adiabatic Wall
    9.2 Flow with Power Law Transport Properties
    9.3 Inviscid Compressible Waves: Speed of Sound
    9.4 Steady Compressible Flow
    9.5 Conclusions
    Problems

    10 Incompressible Flow
    10.1 Characterization
    10.2 Incompressible Flow as Low-Mach-Number Flow with Adiabatic Walls
    10.3 Nondimensional Problem Statement
    10.4 Characteristics of Incompressible Flow
    10.5 Splitting the Pressure into Kinetic and Hydrostatic Parts
    *10.6 Mathematical Aspects of the Limit Process M2 ? 0
    *10.7 Invariance of Incompressible Flow Equations under Unsteady Motion
    *10.8 Low-Mach-Number Flows with Constant-Temperature Walls
    *10.9 Energy Equation Paradox
    10.10 Conclusions
    Problems

    11 Some Solutions of the Navier–Stokes Equations
    11.1 Pressure-Driven Flow in Tubes of Various Cross Sections: Elliptical Tube
    11.2 Flow in a Rectangular Tube
    11.3 Asymptotic Suction Flow
    11.4 Stokes’s Oscillating Plate
    11.5 Wall under an Oscillating Free Stream
    *11.6 Transient for a Stokes Oscillating Plate
    11.7 Flow in a Slot with a Steady and Oscillating Pressure Gradient
    11.8 Decay of an Ideal Line Vortex (Oseen Vortex)
    11.9 Plane Stagnation Point Flow (Hiemenz Flow)
    11.10 Burgers Vortex
    11.11 Composite Solution for the Rotary Viscous Coupling
    11.12 Von K´arm´an Viscous Pump
    11.13 Conclusions
    Problems

    12 Streamfunctions and the Velocity Potential
    12.1 Streamlines
    12.2 Streamfunction for Plane Flows
    12.3 Flow in a Slot with Porous Walls
    *12.4 Streamlines and Streamsurfaces for a Three-Dimensional Flow
    *12.5 Vector Potential and the E2 Operator
    12.6 Stokes’s Streamfunction for Axisymmetric Flow
    12.7 Velocity Potential and the Unsteady Bernoulli Equation
    12.8 Flow Caused by a Sphere with Variable Radius
    12.9 Conclusions
    Problems

    13 Vorticity Dynamics
    13.1 Vorticity
    13.2 Kinematic Results Concerning Vorticity
    13.3 Vorticity Equation
    13.4 Vorticity Diffusion
    13.5 Vorticity Intensification by Straining Vortex Lines
    13.6 Production of Vorticity at Walls
    13.7 Typical Vorticity Distributions
    13.8 Development of Vorticity Distributions
    13.9 Helmholtz’s Laws for Inviscid Flow
    13.10 Kelvin’s Theorem
    13.11 Vortex Definitions
    13.12 Inviscid Motion of Point Vortices
    13.13 Circular Line Vortex
    13.14 Fraenkel–Norbury Vortex Rings
    13.15 Hill’s Spherical Vortex
    13.16 Breaking and Reconnection of Vortex Lines
    13.17 Vortex Breakdown
    13.18 Conclusions
    Problems

    14 Flows at Moderate Reynolds Numbers
    14.1 Some Unusual Flow Patterns
    14.2 Entrance Flows
    14.3 Entrance Flow into a Cascade of Plates: Computer Solution by the Streamfunction–Vorticity Method
    14.4 Entrance Flow into a Cascade of Plates: Pressure Solution
    14.5 Entrance Flow into a Cascade of Plates: Results
    14.6 Flow Around a Circular Cylinder
    14.7 Jeffrey–Hamel Flow in a Wedge
    14.8 Limiting Case for Re ? 0; Stokes Flow
    14.9 Limiting Case for Re?-8
    14.10 Conclusions
    Problems

    15 Asymptotic Analysis Methods
    15.1 Oscillation of a Gas Bubble in a Liquid
    15.2 Order Symbols, Gauge Functions, and Asymptotic Expansions
    15.3 Inviscid Flow over a Wavy Wall
    15.4 Nonuniform Expansions: Friedrich’s Problem
    15.5 Matching Process: Van Dyke’s Rule
    15.6 Composite Expansions
    15.7 Characteristics of Overlap Regions and Common Parts
    15.8 Composite Expansions and Data Analysis
    15.9 Lagerstrom’s Problems
    15.10 Conclusions
    Problems

    16 Characteristics of High-Reynolds-Number Flows
    16.1 Physical Motivation
    16.2 Inviscid Main Flows: Euler Equations
    16.3 Pressure Changes in Steady Flows: Bernoulli Equations
    16.4 Boundary Layers
    16.5 Conclusions
    Problems

    17 Kinematic Decomposition of Flow Fields
    *17.1 General Approach
    *17.2 Helmholtz’s Decomposition; Biot–Savart Law
    *17.3 Line Vortex and Vortex Sheet
    *17.4 Complex Lamellar Decomposition
    *17.5 Conclusions
    *Problems

    18 Ideal Flows in a Plane
    18.1 Problem Formulation for Plane Ideal Flows
    18.2 Simple Plane Flows
    18.3 Line Source and Line Vortex
    18.4 Flow over a Nose or a Cliff
    18.5 Doublets
    18.6 Cylinder in a Stream
    18.7 Cylinder with Circulation in a Uniform Stream
    18.8 Lift and Drag on Two-Dimensional Shapes
    18.9 Magnus Effect
    18.10 Conformal Transformations
    18.11 Joukowski Transformation: Airfoil Geometry
    18.12 Kutta Condition
    18.13 Flow over a Joukowski Airfoil: Airfoil Lift
    18.14 Numerical Method for Airfoils
    18.15 Actual Airfoils
    *18.16 Schwarz–Christoffel Transformation
    *18.17 Diffuser or Contraction Flow
    *18.18 Gravity Waves in Liquids
    18.19 Conclusions
    Problems

    19 Three-Dimensional Ideal Flows
    19.1 General Equations and Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Ideal Flows
    19.2 Swirling Flow Turned into an Annulus
    19.3 Flow over a Weir
    19.4 Point Source
    19.5 Rankine Nose Shape
    19.6 Experiments on the Nose Drag of Slender Shapes
    19.7 Flow from a Doublet
    19.8 Flow over a Sphere
    19.9 Work to Move a Body in a Still Fluid
    19.10 Wake Drag of Bodies
    *19.11 Induced Drag: Drag due to Lift
    *19.12 Lifting Line Theory
    19.13 Winglets
    *19.14 Added Mass of Accelerating Bodies
    19.15 Conclusions
    Problems

    20 Boundary Layers
    20.1 Blasius Flow over a Flat Plate
    20.2 Displacement Thickness
    20.3 Von K´arm´an Momentum Integral
    20.4 Von K´arm´an–Pohlhausen Approximate Method
    20.5 Falkner–Skan Similarity Solutions
    20.6 Arbitrary Two-Dimensinoal Layers: Crank–Nicolson Difference Method
    *20.7 Vertical Velocity
    20.8 Joukowski Airfoil Boundary Layer
    20.9 Boundary Layer on a Bridge Piling
    20.10 Boundary Layers Beginning at Infinity
    20.11 Plane Boundary Layer Separation
    20.12 Axisymmteric Boundary Layers
    20.13 Jets
    20.14 Far Wake of Nonlifting Bodies
    20.15 Free Shear Layers
    20.16 Unsteady and Erupting Boundary Layers
    *20.17 Entrance Flow into a Cascade, Parabolized Navier–Stokes Equations
    *20.18 Three-Dimensional Boundary Layers
    *20.19 Boundary Layer with a Constant Transverse Pressure Gradient
    *20.20 Howarth’s Stagnation Point
    *20.21 Three-Dimensional Separation Patterns
    20.22 Conclusions
    Problems

    21 Flow at Low Reynolds Numbers
    21.1 General Relations for Re ? 0: Stokes’s Equations
    21.2 Global Equations for Stokes Flow
    21.3 Streamfunction for Plane and Axisymmetric Flows
    21.4 Local Flows, Moffatt Vortices
    21.5 Plane Internal Flows
    21.6 Flows between Rotating Cylinders
    21.7 Flows in Tubes, Nozzles, Orifices, and Cones
    21.8 Sphere in a Uniform Stream
    21.9 Composite Expansion for Flow over a Sphere
    21.10 Stokes Flow near a Circular Cylinder
    *21.11 Axisymmetric Particles
    *21.12 Oseen’s Equations
    *21.13 Interference Effects
    21.14 Conclusions
    Problems

    22 Lubrication Approximation
    22.1 Basic Characteristics: Channel Flow
    22.2 Flow in a Channel with a Porous Wall
    22.3 Reynolds Equation for Bearing Theory
    22.4 Slipper Pad Bearing
    22.5 Squeeze-Film Lubrication: Viscous Adhesion
    22.6 Journal Bearing
    22.7 Hele-Shaw Flow
    22.8 Conclusions
    Problems

    23 Surface Tension Effects
    23.1 Interface Concepts and Laws
    23.2 Statics: Plane Interfaces
    23.3 Statics: Cylindrical Interfaces
    23.4 Statics: Attached Bubbles and Drops
    23.5 Constant-Tension Flows: Bubble in an Infinite Stream
    23.6 Constant-Tension Flows: Capillary Waves
    23.7 Moving Contact Lines
    23.8 Constant-Tension Flows: Coating Flows
    23.9 Marangoni Flows
    23.10 Conclusions
    Problems

    24 Introduction to Microflows
    24.1 Molecules
    24.2 Continuum Description
    24.3 Compressible Flow in Long Channels
    24.4 Simple Solutions with Slip
    24.5 Gases
    24.6 Couette Flow in Gases
    24.7 Poiseuille Flow in Gases
    24.8 Gas Flow over a Sphere
    24.9 Liquid Flows in Tubes and Channels
    24.10 Liquid Flows near Walls; Slip Boundaries
    24.11 Conclusions

    25 Stability and Transition
    25.1 Linear Stability and Normal Modes as Perturbations
    25.2 Kelvin–Helmholtz Inviscid Shear Layer Instability
    25.3 Stability Problems for Nearly Parallel Viscous Flows
    25.4 Orr–Sommerfeld Equation
    25.5 Invsicid Stability of Nearly Parallel Flows
    25.6 Viscous Stability of Nearly Parallel Flows
    25.7 Experiments on Blasius Boundary Layers
    25.8 Transition, Secondary, Instability, and Bypass
    25.9 Spatially Developing Open Flows
    25.10 Transition in Free Shear Flows
    25.11 Poiseuille and Plane Couette Flows
    25.12 Inviscid Instability of Flows with Curved Streamlines
    25.13 Taylor Instability of Couette Flow
    25.14 Stability of Regions of Concentrated Vorticity
    25.15 Other Instabilities: Taylor, Curved, Pipe, Capillary Jets, and G¨ortler
    25.16 Conclusions

    26 Turbulent Flows
    26.1 Types of Turbulent Flows
    26.2 Characteristics of Turbulent Flows
    26.3 Reynolds Decomposition
    26.4 Reynolds Stress
    *26.5 Correlation of Fluctuations
    *26.6 Mean and Turbulent Kinetic Energy
    *26.7 Energy Cascade: Kolmogorov Scales and Taylor Microscale
    26.8 Wall Turbulence: Channel Flow Analysis
    26.9 Channel and Pipe Flow Experiments
    26.10 Boundary Layers
    26.11 Wall Turbulence: Fluctuations
    26.12 Turbulent Structures
    26.13 Free Turbulence: Plane Shear Layers
    26.14 Free Turbulence: Turbulent Jet
    26.15 Bifurcating and Blooming Jets
    26.16 Conclusions

    A Properties of Fluids
    B Differential Operations in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates
    C Basic Equations in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates
    D Streamfunction Relations in Rectangular, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates
    E Matlab R Stagnation Point Solver
    F Matlab R Program for Cascade Entrance
    G Matlab R Boundary Layer Program
    References
    Index
  • Citation
    • Full Title: Incompressible Flow
    • Author/s:
    • ISBN-13: 9781118013434
    • ISBN-13: 9781118713075
    • Edition: 4th Edition
    • Publication date: 2013
    • Topic: Mechanical
    • Subtopic: Fluid Mechanics
    • File Type: eBook | Solution Manual
    • Idioma: English

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